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THE GARDEN SAGEA library of living things
Trees & woodland lore · Western North Carolina field companion

Swamp white oak

Quercus bicolor

Whole tree — Quercus bicolor. Species reference; the photographed specimen does not confirm the named variety. Age, pruning, and site affect its shape.
Whole tree — Quercus bicolor. Species reference; the photographed specimen does not confirm the named variety. Age, pruning, and site affect its shape.☀ Full sunBruce Kirchoff ↗ · CC BY 2.0
Photo contextResized and converted to WebP; full original composition retained.

Shallow rounded lobes

Sun Exposure
Full sun
MATURE HEIGHT (FT)
50–60
MATURE WIDTH (FT)
50–60
BLOOM SEASON
Spring
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Get to know this plant.

Identification clue 1

Shallow rounded lobes

Identification clue 2

Pale hairy leaf underside

Identification clue 3

Acorns on conspicuously long stalks

Diseases & insects in WNC

Problems to recognize in WNC gardens. These are documented susceptibilities, not a local outbreak report or a diagnosis. Weather, elevation and growing conditions change the risk.

Diseases & similar-looking injury

Anthracnose, leaf spots and powdery mildew may affect foliage. Cankers and root decay deserve attention when branches decline.

Insects to recognize

Oakworms, leafminers, scale and gall-making insects may occur. Many oak insects also feed birds; galls or a few eaten leaves rarely justify treatment.

When to look

Check unfolding leaves in a wet spring and caterpillar activity through summer.

A useful first step

Compare the amount of damage with overall tree vigor. Repeated heavy defoliation, rapid wilt or structural decay calls for Extension or an arborist.

More growing details

Read the leaves

Turn a leaf over: the pale, softly hairy underside contrasts with the dark upper surface. Lobes are shallow.

Read the bark

Gray-brown bark becomes ridged; branches may peel.

Fruit & seed

Long acorn stalks help separate this species from white oak and chestnut oak.

Winter character

Peeling branches and clustered end buds supplement persistent acorn stalks.

Origin & place

A North American native but rare in North Carolina, mainly outside the mountains. A WNC landscape tree is generally planted.

WNC Notes

Adaptable oak for moist or periodically wet sites; also tolerates urban conditions once established.

Sun Exposure

Full sun

MATURE HEIGHT (FT)

50–60

MATURE WIDTH (FT)

50–60

BLOOM SEASON

Spring

BLOOM COLOR

Catkins

FALL / WINTER COLOR

Yellow-brown

Wet-Soil Tolerance

High

Drought Tolerance

Moderate

LOOK CLOSELY

Two views, a closer look.

Place two photographs beside one another. Compare the overall plant with leaves, flowers, or bark when those views are available. Captions identify what each photograph actually shows. Images are not at the same scale; species references may show different cultivars.

Whole tree — Quercus bicolor. Species reference; the photographed specimen does not confirm the named variety. Age, pruning, and site affect its shape.
Whole tree — Quercus bicolor. Species reference; the photographed specimen does not confirm the named variety. Age, pruning, and site affect its shape.☀ Full sunBruce Kirchoff ↗ · CC BY 2.0
Photo contextResized and converted to WebP; full original composition retained.
Species reference; does not confirm the named variety. Photograph subject: Buds
Species reference; does not confirm the named variety. Photograph subject: Buds☀ Full sunVirens ↗ · CC BY 2.0
Photo contextResized and converted to WebP; full original composition retained.
Leaves front and back. Taxon reference; photograph alone does not establish a named cultivar.
Leaves front and back. Taxon reference; photograph alone does not establish a named cultivar.☀ Full sunVirens ↗ · CC BY 2.0
Photo contextResized and converted to WebP; no diagnostic content altered.
Bark — species reference; cultivar identity not inferred.
Bark — species reference; cultivar identity not inferred.☀ Full sunLiné1 ↗ · CC BY-SA 3.0
Photo contextResized and converted to WebP; full original composition retained.
Acorn — species reference; cultivar identity not inferred.
Acorn — species reference; cultivar identity not inferred.☀ Full sunDan Keck ↗ · CC0
Photo contextResized and converted to WebP; full original composition retained.

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