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THE GARDEN SAGEA library of living things
Trees & woodland lore · Western North Carolina field companion

American elm

Ulmus americana

Whole tree — Ulmus americana. Species reference; the photographed specimen does not confirm the named variety. Age, pruning, and site affect its shape.
Whole tree — Ulmus americana. Species reference; the photographed specimen does not confirm the named variety. Age, pruning, and site affect its shape.☀ Full sunMarty Aligata ↗ · CC BY-SA 4.0
Photo contextResized and converted to WebP; full original composition retained.

Uneven leaf bases

Sun Exposure
Full sun
MATURE HEIGHT (FT)
60–80
MATURE WIDTH (FT)
30–60
BLOOM SEASON
Early spring
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Get to know this plant.

Identification clue 1

Uneven leaf bases

Identification clue 2

Doubly toothed margins

Identification clue 3

Flat winged fruits in spring

Diseases & insects in WNC

Problems to recognize in WNC gardens. These are documented susceptibilities, not a local outbreak report or a diagnosis. Weather, elevation and growing conditions change the risk.

Diseases & similar-looking injury

Dutch elm disease is a serious concern; early signs include wilting or yellowing on individual branches. Elm yellows and other wilts can also occur.

Insects to recognize

Bark beetles transmit Dutch elm disease. Leaf-feeding insects and scale may also visit.

When to look

Watch for sudden branch wilt during the growing season.

A useful first step

Seek an expert diagnosis promptly for flagging branches. Disease resistance varies among planted trees; a species name alone does not establish resistance.

More growing details

Read the leaves

One side of the leaf base extends farther down the stalk. Prominent veins end at teeth that bear smaller teeth.

Read the bark

Gray mature bark forms interlacing ridges; it is not typically the colorful exfoliating mosaic of lacebark elm.

Fruit & seed

Flat rounded samaras form in spring, often before full leaf expansion.

Winter character

Alternate buds and a vase-shaped crown support identification but do not establish the cultivar.

Origin & place

The species occurs naturally in the southern Appalachian region; a planted specimen is not evidence of wild local origin.

WNC Notes

A native elm with substantial disease risk. Resistance differs among planted trees; inspect health and allow room for the mature crown.

Sun Exposure

Full sun

MATURE HEIGHT (FT)

60–80

MATURE WIDTH (FT)

30–60

BLOOM SEASON

Early spring

BLOOM COLOR

Inconspicuous

FALL / WINTER COLOR

Yellow

Wet-Soil Tolerance

High

Drought Tolerance

Low

LOOK CLOSELY

Two views, a closer look.

Place two photographs beside one another. Compare the overall plant with leaves, flowers, or bark when those views are available. Captions identify what each photograph actually shows. Images are not at the same scale; species references may show different cultivars.

Whole tree — Ulmus americana. Species reference; the photographed specimen does not confirm the named variety. Age, pruning, and site affect its shape.
Whole tree — Ulmus americana. Species reference; the photographed specimen does not confirm the named variety. Age, pruning, and site affect its shape.☀ Full sunMarty Aligata ↗ · CC BY-SA 4.0
Photo contextResized and converted to WebP; full original composition retained.
American elm leaf from the Valley Forge selection: an uneven base and doubled teeth. Species comparison only; this is not a photograph of.
American elm leaf from the Valley Forge selection: an uneven base and doubled teeth. Species comparison only; this is not a photograph of.☀ Full sunPtelea (talk) 09:30, 24 June 2010 (UTC) ↗ · Public domain
Photo contextResized and converted to WebP; no diagnostic content altered.

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